Clinical Effect of LANAP in Treatment of Periodontal Pockets

Clinical Effect of LANAP in Treatment of periodontic PocketsAim The train of the present study is to evaluate the clinical effect of LANAP as an connected to non- working(a) periodontic therapy in the preaching of guide periodontal liquid ecstasys.Materials and methods A total of 38 patients (22 males, 16 females mean age 3610.1 years) diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis were included in this randomised, single blind clinical study. All the sites were divided into 2 conferences test free radical (n = 469), case-hardened with heartal maser along with SRP and regard conclave (n=481), tempered with SRP al unity. Data sedate at service line and after 6 calendar hebdomads and 24 weeks included sulcus bleed index (SBI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD) and clinical bail level (CAL). Changes in PD and CAL were analyzed separately for moderate (4-6mm) and ambiguous (7 mm) releases.Results The results obtained in some(prenominal) the classifys showe d that API and BOP after 6 weeks and 24 weeks was superior to the baseline (P0.0001). At 24 weeks pot-operatively, a earthshaking (P0.0001) usefulness was seen in moderate and inscrutable PD and CAL in both the groups. In between the groups, after 24 weeks, test group showed significant compass in CAL in moderate carrier bags (P0.0001) and decreased PD in unintelligible periodontal scoops. (P0.0017)Conclusion The present study demonstrates that, LANAP victimization NdYAG laser (1064nm) with SRP as an utile non surgical periodontal therapy in the discourse of moderate periodontal pockets.Key words chronic periodontitis, clinical attachment level, lasers, non-surgical periodontal therapy, pocket depth.IntroductionThe primary goal of periodontal therapy is to overtop periodontal infection by the removal of supragingival and subgingival biofilms and smear layer, which contains bacteria, bacterial endotoxins and contaminated extraction cementum.1-2 Removal of these pathologi c substances ensures biologic compatibility between the diseased periodontal radicular open and reinvigorated co-occurrence create from raw stuff attachment (CTA).3Traditional approaches like non surgical and surgical periodontal methods using both hand instruments and ultrasonic scalers cast been carried out for several years with great success. Laser therapy has been proposed as an substitute or adjunctive interference to schematic periodontal therapy.4 Maiman in 1960 veritable the first laser prototype and later by Goldman et al (1964), crude(a) RH and Sognnaes RF ( 1972) reported the effect of laser on dental consonant tissue paper and on enamel and dentin.5 Myers and Myers (1989) signaled that the NdYAG laser could be employ for oral soft tissue surgery. Various types of LASERS like CO2, diode lasers (gallium-aluminum-arsenide and indium- gallium-arsenide), neodymiumyttrium-aluminum-garnet (NdYAG), and erbium Yttrium aluminum-garnet (Er YAG) with varying waveleng ths (635 to10,600 nm) have different levels of tissue acuteness depending on reflection, scatter, and absorption.6 Low level laser therapy (LLLT) using diode laser can facilitate collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and growth reckon release, which eventually accelerate trauma healing.7Laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) was introduced by Dr. Robert H. Gregg and Delwin McCarthy in 1989. Initial reports suggest that LANAP is associated with cementum mediated new connective tissue attachment (CTA) and app atomic number 18nt periodontal positive feedback of diseased root surfaces in humans.8 When laser beam is delivered cautiously, the regenerative potential drop of laser is high, and, undoubtedly, new fibrob withstandic activity in the connective tissue promotes new connective tissue attachment.9 The indications for LANAP are the same as for measuring periodontal therapy that includes periodontal pocket depth (PD) 4mm, radiographic leaven of lift loss, and positiv e laboratory test for presence of putative periodontal pathogens.The results of up turn up research suggest that a Free- Running, Pulsed NdYAG laser (PerioLase MVP-7 laser, Millennium dental consonant Technologies) provides a viable alternative to traditional periodontal surgery. Properly apply PerioLase MVP-7 laser has been shown to produce less haemorrhage, swelling, discomfort and periodontal regeneration.10The use of lasers in periodontics is rapidly increasing. Despite enormous clinical research and a plethora of scientific literature, controversy exists to date among clinicians regarding the application of lasers in the treatment of periodontal disease. There is limited evidence on the clinical skill of LANAP over conventional surgical or non surgical periodontal and periimplant therapies.Consequently, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical effects of LANAP therapy using 1064-nm of Nd YAG laser with SRP versus the effect of SRP alone in the treatment of m oderate to turbid periodontal pockets.Material and methodsA total of 38 patients (22 male and 16 females) with mean age of 3610.1 and diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis tending to the department of periodontics, sibar institute of dental sciences, Guntur, India, were included in the study. A disarrange split address method was carried out in all the patients with cardinal quarter-circles as test group (TG) treated with LANAP along with SRP and other twain quadrants as control group (CG) treated with SRP alone. Teeth with PD and CAL 4mm on at least one from the six surfaces were included into the study. Patients were selected according to the future(a) inclusion criteria History of no periodontal treatment in the last 12months, no use of antibiotics within the previous 6 months, no systemic disease that influence the periodontal therapy, no smoking or alcoholic beverage and no pregnancy and lactation. Exclusion criteria are teething with grade collar mobility ( 11) and patients using removable or fixed partial dentures. The study communications protocol has been approved by institutional ethical committee and informed scripted consent from all the recruited subjects was taken before start of the study.Before the start of the treatment, the entropy of all enrolled patients including periodontal parameters like plaque index (PI),(12) bleeding on probing, (BOP) (13) pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were save at baseline, 6 weeks and 24 weeks post-operatively. Full mouth CAL and PD was calculated at all the six surfaces of each tooth using UNC-15 periodontal probe. At each interval all the clinical parameters were recorded and maintained by single examiner (TP), who was unaware of the study design. All the patients received love supragingival scaling with an ultrasonic device in two appointments at one week interval by the examiner (TP). Oral hygiene instructions were given at either appointment and followed by use o f 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as directed twice daily for two weeks.Patients were recalled after triple weeks and randomisation was carried out using slip method with each quadrant is coded with a number, subsequently resulting in two quadrants as test group and other two quadrants as control group. To overcome the selection bias, randomization was performed by independent instructor, who did not participate in the study.LANAP protocol was followed along with SRP for the test quadrants, whereas SRP alone was done for the remaining two quadrants. Under local anaesthetic anesthesia, first application of laser is performed using NdYAG laser (1064nm) at power setting of 3.0 watt, 150-us pulse duration, and 20Hz (14) into the gingival sulcus by placing the fiber optic deli real system (0.2-0.3mm) parallel to the long axis of the tooth and moved laterally and apically 1 mm less to the clinical measurement value obtained for the pocket depth. All the six surfaces of each tooth were trea ted with laser. The objective of placing the laser into the sulcus is to mop up the diseased epithelium towards the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket and in any case to create a trough with significant hemostasis. Full mouth SRP was performed for each patient in both groups using area circumstantial gracey curettes until the roots were smooth and no visual or tactile evidence of calculus or altered cementum. After thorough SRP, laser fibre-optic delivery system is passed through the pocket for the second time at power setting of 4.0 watts, 635-us pulse duration, and 20Hz to achieve a stable fibrin curdle and pocket seal.(14) The control teeth received all of the aforementioned treatment except for the laser therapy and suturing was not done. Full mouth SRP in both the groups and laser application in TG was carried out by the single clinician (KK). All the patients were given post operative instructions and medication including 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash twice daily w ith supragingival brushing for two weeks. Antibiotics (amoxicillin 500mg, every 8 hours) and analgesics (ibuprofen 400mg, every 8 hours) were advised for 5 days. Patients were recalled at 1week, 6 week, and 24 week for postoperative follow-up, where the clinical measurements were recorded at 6 weeks and 24 weeks on an individual basis and oral hygiene is reinforced in all the visits. All the subjects consummate the study protocol and were followed up to the end of the study. A total of 481 sites in control group and 469 sites in test group were examined.Statistical epitomeData was expressed as mean values of API, BOP, PD and CAL (4-6mm and 7mm) were evaluated using a software. Comparisons were made within the group and between the groups at 6 weeks and 24 weeks using wilcoxon matched paired t- test and Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsNone of the 38 patients participated in the trial had reported pain or any discomfort. meliorate after 24 weeks was satisfactory and uneventful as sig ht by the investigator and reported by the patients respectively. However, six patients in test group compared to 4 patients in control group experienced dentinal hypersensitivity during first 4 weeks post-operatively, which has subsided. The BOP and API results (mean SD) for LG and CG at baseline, 6 weeks and 24 weeks were presented in table 1. prodigious decrement was observed in the mean BOP and API tons from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks post hitch (p0.001). The finding held strength in both the groups. However, neither of the groups had shown significant differences in the mean BOP and API scores between 6 weeks and 24 weeks post intervention. Similar findings were observed on comparison of mean pocket depths with significant differences observed from baseline to 6 weeks (P0.0001) and 24 weeks (P0.0001) as well in both the test and the control groups. However no significant differences were found between the test and control groups both at baseline and post intervention, suggesting accurate randomization and honorable equivalent impact of both the interventions respectively. ( submit 2)The mean CAL score for teeth with CAL4mm was high in the TG at baseline and this difference was marginally significant (p=0.0493). However, the differences confused significance after the intervention both at 6 weeks and 24 weeks. A statistically significant fetch (P0.0001) of CAL (4-6mm) is noticed in both the groups when compared from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks. Inter group comparison of CAL (4-6 mm) at 6 weeks showed that a significant gain is achieved in TG at baseline to 6 weeks (P0.0244), baseline to 24 weeks (P0.0005) and 6 weeks to 24 weeks (P0.0016) (Table 3).The mean pocket depth of sites with PD 7 mm in test group was 8.38 1.18 and in CG it is 8.49 1.05. The difference in the mean values between the groups at baseline was not significant (P0.6791). Both the groups showed overall usefulness in 6 weeks and 24 weeks postoperatively, which was sta tistically significant (P0.0001). However, 24 weeks post intervention comparison revealed significant gain in the TG compared to the CG (pAt baseline, there was no significant difference between the mean CAL scores of the two groups for teeth with CAL7mm. A significant gain in attachment was observed in both the groups from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks (P0.0001). Unlike mean pocket depth for sites with PD7mm, mean CAL scores for teeth with CAL7mm were not significantly different between the two groups at 24 weeks post intervention. Table 5DiscussionVarious treatment approaches have been carried out in the treatment of periodontal pockets and laser assisted periodontal therapy is most widely used in a flashadays. Laser mediated periodontal therapy has shown significant benefits from subgingival soft tissue curettage as well as in subgingival bacterial loads.(15) jibe to previous studies, adjunctive use of the diode laser along with conventional SRP has shown to have an additi ve effect in reducing subgingival bacteria in periodontal pockets measuring 4mm.(16)A study by Talat Qadri et al observed a significant decrement in inflammatory markers (IL-1 and MMP-8) levels in GCF, sites treated with SRP and NdYAG laser than SRP alone. (17) Another study by Aykol G et al observed decreased GCF levels of Matrixmetalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor-b1, and basic-fibroblast growth factor suggesting LLLT as an adjunctive therapy to non-surgical periodontal treatment and improves periodontal healing. (7)According to time slot DE et al 2010, stated that there was no significant difference in all clinical parameters between the sites treated with SRP and NdYAG laser than SRP alone, (18) these results are in support to his front systematic review.(19)In the present study, NdYAG laser with wave length of 1060-nm has been used to evaluate clinical benefit of LANAP as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy fo r achieving new attachment. The present results omen that non surgical periodontal therapy using hand instruments or in junto with LANAP procedure shown significant improvements in clinical parameters (BOP, PD, and CAL) for both moderate and dusky pockets at 6 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment. Similar results were presented in earlier case reports and case series, showing significant improvement in gingival inflammation during observation period from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks..histological evaluation of LANAP in humans for the treatment of periodontal pockets has shown new connective tissue attachment and periodontal regeneration. (14) Nevins ML et al evaluated periodontal regeneration performing LANAP procedure in humans and stated that there was a significant degree of periodontal regeneration with new cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar consonant bone (10). In a prospective study done by Nevins ML et al, evaluated the might of LANAP therapy in eight patients for a period of 9 months and concluded that majority of treated sites showed improvement in all clinical parameters.(20)The results obtained in this study using LANAP therapy have showed a significant improvement in BOP, PI, PD and CAL, similar to the previous studies. (8,10,14,19-20) Sites with PD of 4-6mm has shown significant reduction in both the groups at 24 weeks post operatively, indicating that both the therapies were effective in treating moderate periodontal pockets. However at 24 weeks post-operatively, a significant gain in CAL at 4-6mm in the sites treated with LANAP was observed, suggesting a new cementum and new connective tissue formation (new attachment). This data supports to the earlier study by Yukna RA et al (2007) and Nevins MI (2012), where histological examination of all six LANAP treated teeth showed formation of new CTA.PD with 7mm sites in both the groups were treated non- surgically with LANAP therapy as an adjunctive in test group. All the patients incl uded in this study had second-rate PD of 4-6mm with few sites 7mm. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was carried out for all the sites including sites with 7mm, as they were located in isolated areas. Systematic reviews have proven that in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain in open tiff debridement procedures were effective in sites with PD 6mm. (21)In the present study, test group showed significant reduction in PD in sites with 7mm when compared with control group, provided no significant gain in CAL is achieved at 24 week post-operatively. These results were similar to the previous study by Nevins ML et al 2014, where initial sites of 7mm had at least 2mm of PD reduction in 91% of sites and CAL gain of 2mm in 77% of sites. Greater retraction of periodontal tissues in deep periodontal pockets (7mm) in test group led to significant reduction in PD with no significant gain in CAL.LANAP appears to be safe procedure that resulted in new CTA formation with no significant side effec ts beyond dentinal hypersensitivity or gingival recession and no damage to the root surfaces.(22) Even though LANAP therapy has been introduced 15 years ago, very few case reports and case series has been reported till now with substantial clinical and histological evidence. However controversy remains regarding the efficacy of LASERS, mainly LANAP therapy in treating the periodontal disease and periodontal regeneration. This is the first randomized controlled clinical study done to evaluate LANAP as adjunctive to SRP in the treatment of periodontal disease for a period of 24 weeks. LANAP therapy should be further evaluated with long term clinical trials with larger sample surface to compare the clinical results with conventional therapy..ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, the results indicate that LANAP therapy as an adjunct to non surgical periodontal therapy using NdYAG Laser offered superior results when compared with SRP alone. Present study focussed mainly in t he treatment of moderate periodontal pockets and achieved significant results in all the clinical parameters observed. Deeper pockets also showed promising results with LANAP therapy, suggesting that further studies are necessary to adequately test the potential benefits following the LANAP protocol in the treatment of periodontal diseases.