Deception Point Page 8

The chairwoman gave her a comforting grin, and Rachel sensed firsthand the legendary Herney affability. The man possessed an easy t whizz ending countenance political cartoonists loved because no matter how skewed a rendition they drew, no one ever mistook the mans effortless warmth and amiable smile. His eyes reflect sincerity and dignity at all clips.If you follow me, he give tongue to in a cheery voice, Ive got a cup of drinking chocolate with your anticipate on it.Thank you, sir.The chair pressed the intercom and called for some coffee in his office.As Rachel followed the hot seat through the plane, she could not stand by scarce notice that he looked extremely happy and well-rested for a man who was take in the polls. He was also very casually dressed benighted jeans, a polo shirt, and L.L. Bean hiking boots.Rachel tried to make conversation. Doing some hiking, Mr. President? non at all. My campaign advisers have decided this should be my new look. What do you thin k?Rachel hoped for his sake that he wasnt serious. Its very um manly, sir.Herney was deadpan. Good. Were thinking it will help me gain ground back some of the womens vote from your father. After a beat, the President broke into a broad smile. Ms. Sexton, that was a joke. I think we two know Ill need more than than a polo shirt and blue jeans to win this election.The Presidents openness and good humor were quickly evaporating any tension Rachel snarl about being there. What this President lacked in physical brawn, he more than made up for in diplomatic rapport. Diplomacy was about mint skills, and Zach Herney had the gift.Rachel followed the President toward the back of the plane. The deeper they went, the less the interior resembled a plane sheer hallways, wallpapered walls, even an exercise room complete with StairMaster and rowing machine. Oddly, the plane seemed to the highest degree entirely deserted.Traveling alone, Mr. President?He shook his head. Just landed, actually .Rachel was surprised. come from where? Her intel briefs this week had included nothing about presidential go away plans. Apparently he was using Wallops Island to travel quietly.My staff deplaned right onwards you arrived, the President said. Im headed back to the White House shortly to meet them, yet I wanted to meet you here instead of my office.Trying to appal me?On the contrary. Trying to respect you, Ms. Sexton. The White House is anything but private, and tidings of a meeting between the two of us would put you in an awkward position with your father.I appreciate that, sir.It seems youre managing a delicate match act quite gracefully, and I see no reason to break that.Rachel flashed on her breakfast meeting with her father and doubted that it qualified as graceful. Nonetheless, Zach Herney was going out of his way to be decent, and he certainly didnt have to.whitethorn I call you Rachel? Herney asked.Of course. May I call you Zach?My office, the President said, usheri ng her through a carved maple door.The office aboard appearance Force unmatchable certainly was cozier than its White House counterpart, but its furnishings still carried an air of austerity. The desk was mounded with papers, and rump it hung an imposing oil painting of a classic, three-masted schooner under full swing trying to outrun a raging storm. It seemed a perfect illustration for Zach Herneys presidency at the moment.The President offered Rachel one of the three executive chairs aurar his desk. She sat. Rachel expected him to sit behind his desk, but instead he pulled one of the chairs up and sat next to her.Equal footing, she realized. The master of rapport.Well, Rachel, Herney said, sighing tiredly as he settled into his chair. I imagine youve got to be pretty deuced confused to be sitting here right now, am I right?Whatever was left of Rachels guard crumbled away with the candor in the mans voice. Actually, sir, Im shaped.Herney laughed out loud. Terrific. Its no t every day I can baffle someone from the NRO.Its not every day someone from the NRO is invited aboard Air Force One by a President in hiking boots.The President laughed again.A quiet rap on the office door proclaimed the arrival of coffee. One of the flight crew entered with a steaming pewter crazy weed and two pewter mugs on a tray. At the Presidents bidding, she laid the tray on the desk and disappeared. clobber and sugar? the President asked, standing up to pour.Cream, please. Rachel savored the rich aroma. The President of the coupled States is personally serving me coffee?Zach Herney handed her a heavy pewter mug. true Paul Revere, he said. One of the little luxuries.Rachel sipped the coffee. It was the best she had ever tasted.Anyhow, the President said, pouring himself a cup and sitting back down, Ive got limited time here, so lets get to business. The President plopped a sugar cube in his coffee and gazed up at her. I imagine Bill Pickering warned you that the lonesome (prenominal) reason I would want to see you would be to use you to my political advantage?Actually, sir, thats exactly what he said.The President chuckled. Always the cynic.So hes upon?Are you kidding? the President laughed. Bill Pickering is never wrong. Hes dead-on as usual.9Gabrielle Ashe gazed absently out the window of Senator Sextons limo as it moved through the morning traffic toward Sextons office building. She wondered how the hell she had arrived at this point in her life. Personal assistant to Senator Sedgewick Sexton. This was exactly what she had wanted, wasnt it?Im sitting in a limousine with the next President of the United States.Gabrielle stared across the cars plush interior at the senator, who seemed to be far away in his own thoughts. She admired his freehand features and perfect attire. He looked presidential.Gabrielle had first seen Sexton speak when she was a poli-sci major(ip) at Cornell University three years ago. She would never forget how his eyes probed the audience, as if sending a message directly to her-trust me. After Sextons speech, Gabrielle waited in line to meet him.Gabrielle Ashe, the senator said, reading her name tag. A lovely name for a lovely young woman. His eyes were reassuring.Thank you, sir, Gabrielle replied, feeling the mans strength as she shook his hand. I was really impressed by your message.Glad to identify it Sexton thrust a business card into her hand. Im always expression for bright young minds who share my vision. When you get out of school, track me down. My the great unwashed may have a job for you.Gabrielle opened her mouth to thank him, but the senator was already on to the next person in line. Nonetheless, in the months that followed, Gabrielle found herself following Sextons career on television. She watched with admiration as he spoke out against big government spending spearheading budget cuts, streamlining the IRS to operate more effectively, trimming fat at the DEA, and even abolishing redu ndant genteel servicing programs. Then, when the senators wife died suddenly in a car crash, Gabrielle watched in awe as Sexton somehow turned the negative into a positive. Sexton rose above his personal pain and declared to the valet that he would be running for the presidency and dedicating the remainder of his public service to his wifes memory. Gabrielle decided right then and there that she wanted to work tight with Senator Sextons presidential campaign.

Professional Nursing Synthesis Portfolio

In appurtenance __ and ___ (Case studies and Rhabdomyisis), I begin been adequate to(p) to exhibit critical thinking. I learn been able to undertake analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of data gathered from observation, experience, reflection, or communication as a guide to belief or action. I live besides been able to acquire substantial clinical reasoning which entails a cognitive content to remember facts, organize them in a meaningful whole, and then pass the breeding in a clinical patient care situation. As a nurse, I can make use of reasoning to serve up in formulating principles or guidelines as a basis for my nursing rule apprehension decisions.II. Decision Making SkillsIn addendum ___ (Ethical Dilemma), I overhear significantly enhanced my decision making skills. As a novice, I acquire clinical judgment and skill over time. Knowledge is groovy through actual clinical experience this moves me from a rule-based, context-free stage to a more analytical, logical and intentional pattern of thinking. To effectively provide a conducive larn environment, I have been exposed to venues for examining and ontogenesis my line of work solving and reasoning skills towards making clinical judgments. These venues transpire through numerous learning experiences, one of which are ethical dilemmas.III. Nursing Care and charge of ClientsIn Appendices __ and ___ (Case studies and Mariners Harbor project), I have effectively enhanced my skills in nursing care and management of clients. These experiences can help me in developing the learner from the novice phase to world an modern beginner in nursing. Experiences such as this enable the formation of meaningful related information on the basis of what I have learned in the classroom. at that place is an expectation that with more experience, I can move from the level of advanced beginner to the level of competence by program completion.Clinical judgment is defined as nursing decisions about which areas t o assess, analyzing health data, prioritizing which task to do, and who should prevail it out. For clinical judgment to be assessed as go away, it should be arrived at employ critical thinking and logical reasoning, that will enable the deduction of well-grounded conclusions, and the decisions that may be borne from these.IV. Effective Communication, Collaboration and NegotiationIn accessory ___ (Visiting hours in the ICU), I have been able to appreciate the importance of operative with multidisciplinary maestros. I realized that synergy and collaboration are important for the ultimate welfare of the patient. This set-up too allows for his holistic healing.V. Professional values and behaviorsIn Appendix __ (Nursing doctrine), I was able to hone my professional values and behaviors. I conceptualize that while technical competence is a core requisite to turn a successful nurse practitioner, organism values and ethics determined are equally important. In the absence of polic ies or concrete head principles, values are the only guideposts on which decisions may be hinged or anchored against. I am thankful that I was taught ethics and have also had the opportunity to make ethical decisions on the basis of such knowledge. I realized that deciding with a clean conscience makes for competent and sound nursing hold, which substantially determines nursing effectiveness.VI. Teaching and LearningMy experience in being a nurse pedagog has further been honed through Appendix __ (Mariners Harbor Outreach) where I was able to instruct indigents and minority patients about palliative care. I felt that this has brought me a step closer to my aspiration of being a nurse educator. As a hereafter nurse educator / coach, I would like to conduct investigate projects, participate in professional associations and interact with other nursing academics and practitioners. I would also continue to practice my profession in the clinical setting. This is an effective tool in ensuring that I continue to be clinically competent as I recrudesce future nurses.VII. ResearchThrough integrated literature reviews and critiques (Appendix __ and ___), I have been able to hone my research skills. I have learned how to critically analyze both quantitative and qualitative data to be able to draw meaningful conclusions from them. These exercises on critical thinking and analysis have forged the theoretical foundation of my nursing practice, which is applied and honed in the clinical setting. These have taught me how to read and understand statistics, as well as data drawn from qualitative methods. Critiques have also allowed me to point out the limitations of research studies and ascertain the validity of research results.VIII. LeadershipThrough Appendix __ (Nursing Philosophy paper), I have been able to strengthen my resolve in being a transubstantiateational leader-nurse. I have learned that being a magnetized or transformational leader entails articulate a reali stic vision of the future that can be shared, stimulate subordinates intellectually, and pay attention to the differences among the subordinates. By delineate the need for change, creating new visions, and mobilizing commitment to these visions, leaders can ultimately transform organizations. In effect, the ultimate goal was to make a real lettuce in the lives of people that I come in contact with by helping them authentically.IX. ManagementIn Appendices ___ and ___ (Nursing change paper/ Visiting hours paper), I have come to appreciate the importance of working within a multidisciplinary setting. Such appreciation has also helped me appreciate diversity and synergy in working with other professionals.X. Lifelong learning and professional career breedingIn Appendices __ and ___ (Alziheimers project/ Does advanced practice nursing paper), I have broadened my career horizons. Through these, I have manifested how I have progressed in the practice and have also been able to open new doors for learning and for sharing these wins with my colleagues.

Parle Ivey Case Study

pic Parle-G A case study Date10/25/2011 separate members 1. Divya Gupta 2. Rishabh Deo 3 . Shikha Rastogi 4 . Sonam Agrawal 5 . Swati Anoop 6 .Vrittika Srivastava 7. Yogesh Joshi The case discusses close to the Parle-G challenges regarding the manufacturing personify and profit gross profit margin. Mr. Kulkarnis plight to gain the revenue sh ars. SNO TOPIC rapscallion NO 1. Present case Situation 3 2. Is Mr Kulkarnis finish multifactorial or a candid decision? 4 3. Advantages and disadvantages of VFM product. 5 4. Marketing plan to overcome problem. 6 CONTENTS THE PRESENT incase SITUATION Parle Products has been Indias largest manufacturer of biscuits and confectionery for almost 80 years. Makers of the worlds largest selling biscuit, Parle-G, and a host of other actually popular instigators, the Parle name symbolizes part, nutrition and outstanding taste.With a reach spanning even to the remotest villages of India, the company has definitel y come a very long way. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, are foodstuff leaders in their category.. With a 40% share of the total biscuit commercialise and a 15% share of the total confectionary grocery in India, Parle has pornographic to become a multi-million dollar company. While to the consumers its a beacon of doctrine and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of marketing brilliance.The case is all about the flagship product of the Parle group Parle- G, Parle G is a glucose biscuit and has a market share of 76% in its category, it contributes 10-15 % of the total revenue of Parle. The problem which Mr Kulkarni , universal motorcoach Parle Products Pvt limited, is concerned about, is the complex berth emerged out of the outgrowth infix bells. The growing input footings arrive at led the Parle to think on the pricing schema of Parle G. The target name Parle G is a quantify For Money product. In January in the first attempt to of fset rising worths parley hiked the cost of 16 biscuit packet from INR 4. 0 to INR 4. 50. the idea failed and the sales came mastered by 40% within six months and hence the charge swipe was rolled back. Four years later management took remedial touchstone to deal again with rising prices and this time focus was on cut down weightiness of the packet and number of biscuits was also decreased from 16 to 15. Although consumers detect it but decided to go on with it as far as the company does not tingles with prices. So ultimately company adopted switch thinking of cutting prices involved and these measures were buying of manufacturing units near to the wholesalers and by franchising the production.Forward contracts were introduced to pare supply chain costs and addition to all this wax coat paper had been replaced by BOPP paper to reduce cost. With entry of competitors like Britania, HUL and ITC Ltd the situation is getting more complex day by day for the Parle G. whatsoever wrong decision from Parle can have daring consequences for their flagship product Parle G. The dilemma of December 2009 A price hike seemed like a emergency to restore the margins a hike in the price had the potential to increase the margin by 50% and to restore the previous aim of 15%.But the previous experience of price hike had already given a bad experience to Parle. The problem with Parle is its VFM image, companies build steel equity in order to deflect the focus of customers from the price. They dont mind liberalization their wallets for a blade which delivers a value on a place perceived by them. Parley needs to come out of its equivocal VFM image and secondly the dependence on a whizz scar and a single SKU. Parley G contributes 68% of the annual sales revenue of Parley and the INR 4. 00 SKU was contributing to 50 % of Parley Gs annual sales revenue.The dilemma in which troubles Mr Kulkarni is 1. Should he launch wise SKUs and new price points. Or 2. Should he con tinue to toy with the Grammage. IS Mr. Kulkarnis decision complex or simple? What are the various issues & considerations? Mr. P. Kulkarni, general manager, Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. (Parle) is faced with the dilemma of increase the price of the biscuit or change magnitude the thousandmage of its SKU. The Indian consumer expects strong speck equity with Parle G biscuit on account of its low cost and value for cash (VFM) proposition. The company started as a value for money brand in 1939.This was a marketing perception which has remained intact for uttermost(a) sixty year. But in last sixty years Indian market has opened up and MNC companies are new competitor. Now the same value for money strategy is gnawing at the profit margin of Parle G. Essentially brand is something that create a inlet segment for itself and consumers do not mind loosening up their pockets a bit more every next year to associate with that brand and buy it. But here in India, the consumer are very price s ensitive and increasing the price leads to the risk of losing the animated and prospective customer. so the question that Mr.Kulkarni is faced with is a very serious dilemma and involves complex thinking and decision making strategy. For example in 2004, Parle has increased the price by 50 paisa from 4Rs. to 4. 5 Rs. and sales dropped by 40 per penny within six months. Hence the company has to roll back the price increment. The brand has a strong dependence on the single brand Parle G and on its single SKU of 100 gram, which contributes to 50 per cent in sales revenue. The companys share of domestic biscuit market is at 40 per cent and Parle Gs share of the domestic glucose category is at 74 per cent.This has made the company more babelike on that particular brand which is not wellnessy. The focus is so overmuch to maintain the low price strategy that other issues such as quality and taste are ignored. Raw material prices of sugar and wheat, which fix 55 per cent of have incre ased in the last 18 months. Consequently the margin of Parle G had decreased from 15 per cent to 10 per cent. The price consciousness of customer depends on the household income. The dismay and gist conformation people are most sensitive to price change. In past whenever the price was increased the company lost its sales revenue. hence Mr.Kulkarni decision is a complex one as what seems a simple solution to increase the price does not go well with the Indian middle class consumers. 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a jimmy for Money sit VALUE FOR MONEY POSITION (VPM) is the most common positioning category. about firms position their products to offer great value for their customers. Companies can choose each Same (as premium product) for fewer prices or More (of the product) for the same price pricing strategy. More for the same price is often used at high end products which have superior product attributes but is priced on par with competition.ADVANTAGES of V FM 1. The company initial product is Parle-G which provides major profit to the company. Value for Money positioning helps cede large sales volume for products. 2. Value for money was the consumer perception that had led Parle-G to become largest selling biscuit brand by volume in the world in 2002 as pass by a study by global market explore firm A C Nielsen. Market share is highest for Parle-G because of value to money it revolves to the customers. 3. Parle-G has adopted the market keenness strategy that is low price along with capturing of a large market .The value for money positioning helps generate large sales volumes for the products. 4. VFM is the only value dimension consumers seem to be plugged into with Parle-G . it is also value dimensions they are plugged into with glucose category which ParleG- leads. 5. callable to VMP which has advantage for Parle-G create problem for new entrants like Tiger Glucose brand of biscuits of Britannia ,Sun feast Glucose of ITC Ltd. Th ese new entrants were under compulsion to keep prices low. DISADVANTAGES- 1. It is a very price sensitive market owing to VFM. These being the weakness hold competition as its main weakness. . It could further lead to profit wearing away and entry of un-brand players into the market notwithstanding these threats the company beholds many opportunities each as exports and affluence. 3. Consumer perception was rooted so strongly in Parle- GS low price that it was undermining other product attributes such as quality and taste. 4. The value for money product is highly elastic in genius and hence the price cannot be increased even to a single unit as it lead affect the demand drastically. 5. Parle-G had generally refrained from increasing the price of Parle- G, even when it had no competition .In holding to the price line, Parle had brought disciplining factors to the Indian market. 6. A hike in price had the potential to increase the margin of Parle-G by 50 per cent and to perhaps res tore it to the earlier level of 15 per cent. But, if the experience of 2004 was any indication, consumer would be extremely sensitive to a price hike. Marketing plan to overcome this problem Reducing the gram mage is the only way out Owing to its VFM image and the valuable brand which Parle G has grown into for the middle class and lower middle class society, playing with prices is like playing with fire for Parle G.Middle class and lower lower middle class constitute the major purchasers in the Indian biscuits industry. not only Parle G even brands like Nestles Maggi and Hajmola have also adopted the same policy of weight reduction. Growing input prices is beyond our control and hence we have to go ahead with weight reduction of current SKUs. Cost control measures have to follow rigorously and obediently to keep margins at par. Parle G for specials category Parle G is market leader in its category (glucose) with market share of 74% and penetration rate of 84%. The glucose category of biscuits forms a market of 42% of Indian biscuit industry.With increasing income levels in country the choice is showing a shift into premium category. Premium category is the future market to parallel history which Parle G has created in glucose category Parle G should be launch also as a premium brand. New varieties can be launched focusing niche customers eg 1. Parle G chocolate kids from 6-14 2. Parle G diet teenagers 3. Parle G protein for lactating mother and pregnant women 4. Parle G sugar free for health conscious people. These varieties will fetch totally new segments for Parle G (augmentation) without cannibalising the existing Parle G VFM image.Similar trends are followed by Nestles Maggi by introducing Maggi Soupy Noodles and Maggi Pasta. Parle G for institutional in bigger SKUs This initiative aims at institutional sales by introducing bigger SKUs, these SKUs can also be used to target the local posh and successful tea stalls. This measure will help to counter the unorganised sector which prevails in local areas. Bigger SKUs will be used as refilling units. Big plastic containers will provided and hence it wont be required to repurchase SKUs instead of only refilling it. These SKU will reduce packaging cost and the plastics containers will require only refilling.

Is it fair to blame investment bankers for the global downturn? Essay

It seems to be quite easy to jump on the bank-wagon and tap investing bankers for the current global stintingal downturn. The current downturn in mind is one which is generally accepted by the financial industry to switch started in 2007, and was officially dated December 2007 by the National power of Economic Research (NBER).The incertitude is, whether this industry and its bankers are the root creator, and if so, could they drive home avoided it? The word bankers basin imply different meanings to different people, so to clarify, when I use the word bankers in this text, I am referring to investment bankers.The initiative article I analysed is by Jonathan Wang, Ph.D., and entitled Real Causes For US pecuniary Meltdown and Global Recession (March 2009). Wang is the President of Amlink, a multi-million dollar troupe which provides links in patronage and politics between China and the unite States of America (USA). He is based in Michigan, USA. I will be comparing it to Jo hn Gappers Promises that proved ultimately empty (January 9th 2012)1. Gapper is the sponsor editor and headway business commentator for the Financial Times newspaper and website. He is based in New York, USA.Wang has an opinion that the bankers are unaccountable as the blame is with the governments whereas Gapper has an antipodal find out in line with the assessment Wang gave, stating it was within banks where the crisis emerged and where its heart still lies.Wang seems to have a widespread noesis of many fields. He has a Ph.D in geosciences from the University of Michigan. Geosciences have no relevance to economist articles on the banking industry but this Ph.D allowed him the expertise to start Amlink a year later, as he originally focused on importation and exporting high quality marble between US and China. He increased his links with the two countries by giving financial & trade advice (business consulting), intervening in politics, research & development, manu positi onuring and IT services. This how we gained his expertise. This expertise of 19 years strengthens his status as he has gained the relevant knowledge and skills to talk about this root with credibility.However, his trade is between (mainly) US and China thus whitethorn so it is questionable to whether his experience can be applied to Europe, where many economies collapsed, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Greece.Gapper currently works for the Financial Times (FT) since 1987, an international casual broadsheet newspaper and website, available in 24 countries. They have a daily readership of 2.1 million and 5.7 million online subscribers. His position is associate editor and chief business commentator. He was trained by the Mirror Group and worked for the chance(a) Mirror, nonchalant Mail & Daily Telegraph newspapers in the United Kingdom. Additionally, he has worked as columnist for the BBC, UK & Worldwide. His resume also angles New York Magazine, CNBC & CNN among his employers . This striking list of employers whitethorn show, at first glance, that he is not policy-makingly predetermine possibly leading him to be known as a passing reputable columnist. the Conservative Party, one that is centre-right The Daily Mail is also a Conservative supporter andHowever, his political stance may be more than Conservative as the FT is a public supporter of the Daily Telegraph has been nicknamed the Torygraph due to its support of the Conservative party. He has previously worked for politically independent media but his main contract of employment has been with FT since 1987. This political bias may narrow his prospect.Additionally, in 2011, he won four awards in multiple countries. In the United States he was awarded the Best editorialist Citation by the Society of American Business Editors & Writers and in the UK he was award with the Best Business Columnist at the Comment Awards. He also has a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Oxford Universit y. twain articles have strengths and weaknesses, and it is better to analyse these sections rather than attacking the author (ad hominem). The kitchen range of lineage in both articles has been constructed quite rigidly, and allows the statements made by the individual authors to reach their prerequisite conclusions.Wang concludes that increasing tax on the top income groups becomes necessary as the government must focus on stabilization rather than involution. His main reasoning for this is when the share of total income going to the top 10% reached 50%, the outstanding market crashed in the United States. He also has an intermediate conclusion that the Governments improper interventions in the capital market before both episodes of crisis had accelerated the extreme inequalities and ultimately increase the crisis.Wang reasons that It is the extreme inequality that has resulted in the great depression in1929 and once more caused the global recession today. This is fallacy o f the single cause as the recession in 1929 has three are three general theories on what caused the 1929 depression, Keynesian, Monetarist & Austrian. None of these theories are based on inequality. The Monetarist view blamed the national Reserve for ignoring the importance of money, who themselves agreed with this and apologised on the 8th of November 2002 via Chairman Ben Bernanke2. It may be that the recession is part of the business cycle, and happens quite frequently whereas a depression is a sustained, long term scotch downturn.The NBER stated that The expansion from November 2001 onwards lasted 73 months which then strengthens Wangs reason that two major economic expansions led to two episodes of extreme inequalities in the United States. Both finish in severe economic depression. 3Elizabeth Allgoewer (2002) states that this was the cause of the gravid Depression, however the true(a) cause is still being debated by economists, with around a 12 other heterodox economical theories such as non-debt inflation or population dynamics. His reasoning here needs further clarification or research before this can be fully taken as evidence.Gapper states that driven by the rise of derivatives, the loosening of regulation and capital standards, and a hubristic belief that they had somehow broken their old habit of losing billions of dollars in downturns. He does not strengthen this with any evidence on the loosening of regulationetc., and deserted his statement.He also quotes credible sources such as Ranu Dayal, ranking(prenominal) partner at the worlds leading advisor on business structure, the Boston Consulting Group There is a deep question of legitimacy that banks need to face up to. However one of his sources is attribute as being a Professor but in fact he is only an Associate Professor, a position which still has really high credibility, but of less than the one quoted by Gapper.Also, Gapper does not go out any conflicting perspective, the only vi ews you read are the ones that agree with him. This weakens his argument as he has not considered alternative perspectives.After analysing both articles, my view is still similar to Gapper and I already thought that it was fair to blame investment bankers for the 2007 downturn. Whilst I note that they dealt with a lot of money and it was not handled in a correct manner by anybody who had access to it (including the federal Reserve), I also can see where Wangs concept bases its format. His perspective of social inequalities is only US based but I can understand his assumptions that expansion was high and the consequence of this led to social inequalities. This has happened elsewhere, such as during the Chinese Mao era of 1949-1976, in particular during the enceinte Leap Forward (1958-61).Gappers perspective has persuaded me that he is of more expertise than Wang as he is so influential in finance media. His synopsis was concise and constructive. He quoted many important figures in his article including an executive director director of the Bank of England Chairman of the FinancialServices Authority and a Professor of Entrepreneurship at MIT Sloan school. His arguments are quite strong however he does go a stage of a circular argument where he should be concluding his article. His evidence did strengthen my perspective however Wangs comments led me to read more into financial theories, especially of those surrounding the 1929 Great Depression. He managed to intrigue me into the history of the financial world and I do believe that 1929 and 2007 are very similar in the cause, but the cause is the banking industry, not the housing market.Wang has only commented on the United States but his views may apply worldwide however his lack of evidence weakens his perspective as it is too narrow.My final conclusion is that investment bankers were the major, not the only, cause of the global downturn which started in 2007, and we have to share the blame for the current ec onomical state

Importance of work groups in organizations Essay

Work sort outs help members to facial expression that they belong to a group that is unique and worthy to be in. the group belief that it can perform easy as a police squad and be more effective than when they are apart. The groups develop positive berth and good behavior which help them to trust each other as they continue contributing to the group. The team ability to face challenge is strengthen and the group feels safe and is able to explore and use their best acquirement and cooperate to get job well done.The ideas and opinions of group members are apprehended and they understand and respect the qualities that make each one of them unique from the others in order to understand what each one of them is supposed to do.WAYS turn tail GROUPS ARE RELATED TO ORGANIZATION OUTCOME The resources available are use efficiently without wastage of any one of them. Time is used well to do the duties allocated to group members and the budget set is well utilized to balance the income and cost of the organization.There is increased productivity and less supervision of employees and employees are propel to perform activities that lead to success of the organization.IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY ON HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Management philosophy helps to simplify activities which results to better accomplishment because when the work to be done is simple, employees pull up stakes be able to do it well and fast leading to high production. Costs go low in the purchase of raw materials and payment of workers and at the end of it all, dough margins will be high because revenue generated will be higher(prenominal) than the costs incurred in production.The basic skills help employees to do the job well and make contribution to the department they are assigned to work in because they will know what they are expected to do and do it perfectly. Employees will also have the full potential and are equipped to do with changing demand in the organization. Good communi cation skills help to retain safety in the work place and serve customers well. Employees are move and are satisfied with the job and problems are solved which results to growth in the organization.REFERENCE Odiorne George Strategic Management of Human resource Jossey-Bass, 1984.

Advertising Causes And Effects Essay

Advertisement industries have affected the world for decades up until these days. We give the bounce go to those flashy, catchy and colorful publicizings everywhere especially through and through bulk media. unite States was reported as the largest and creative advertising market in the world. some(a) people thought that advertising does not affect much on their lifestyles and some would just making assumptions that advertisements gage cause negative effect to consumers especially when it is related to the products quality. However, we cigarettenot be too faultfinding(prenominal) on advertising industries because they have their own benefits. It is very important to deal emerge note that advertising does have its own positive side to boorishs saving, companies and also society. Firstly, advertising can bring benefits to the economy. This is because, advertising engender much jobs comparing to the others. They offers diversity of c beers option ilk writers, authors, a rtist, editors and others.According to the gentlemans gentleman Advertising Federation (WFA), US advertising generate 18.2 million out of the 126.7 million jobs in that sylvan (2008). Besides that, advertising contri scarcee a huge share on the countrys economy. Every advertisement that has been produced, need to pay certain amounts of taxation in order for them to ventilate the advertisement to the public. According to the besiege Street Journal, Hungary adopt tax as high as 40% on annual advertising (Feher, 2014). Next, the charge of the product result also be reduced through advertising. close to of the companies nowadays are to a greater extent focusing on the quality of their products or else of gaining pelf. One of the strategies that advertisement industries applied in their public relation are by helping the customers to understand to a greater extent or so the products and the caller (McNamara, n.d ). Hence, the economy of the country can really be boosts up thro ugh advertising.In addition, the society are also affected with the benefits of advertisements. Through advertisements, people can be aware about commercial products and calamities that happened in the world these days. For example, the advertisements that divided on health drinks and toiletry products can generate awareness about health and hygiene to public (Kannan, 2013). Besides, some companies that produce cosmetic products will promote their products by comparing their product and advertise them through mass media.Consumers would have varieties of options to choose by reading or watching those advertisements since 84 percent of officious users in Malaysia tend to click on liquid advertisements in order for them to find new products and information (Siti Shameen, 2014). Moreover, people can also express their feeling through advertising.This has seems to be happening in the United States where they allow people to show on their supports regarding the sensitive issues alike( p) politics, religion and races. For example, in New York and San Francisco, they have the advertisement that shows Muslims are savages. (Badger, 2012). Besides, advertisements can also be used to inform public about favorable events and performances that are going to be held in the future. For instance, the Ad Council, a non- profit organization in the United States had sponsored many public service announcements like their famous Loose Lips Sink Ships where they run to promote national certification during World War II (Morley, 2015). Therefore, advertising brings benefits not only for the consumers but also the society.Next, advertising has made a huge impact on companies. The companies can now create maximal profits through advertising. By having their advertisement airing frequently through pamphlets, mass media and others, they would attract more customers in buying their products. When they are attracted in looking at the advertisements, they would be intimidated in buying the products thus causing the rise of the connections profit. When the advertisements are being aired through the internet, they would reduce more on their capitals thus, maximizing on their profit (Wright,2015)Besides, advertising also embolden the companies to compete and provide new products. When each of the company produce diametrical types of new products with more improved qualities, the other companies would feel challenged thus producing a better quality of the products. By advertising, it can also improve the companys public image among the consumer. This is because when a company produce advertisements through mass media, the consumer would assume that the product is quality-proven. It all depends on the companys decision in conveying the message whether in a expert way or the opposite (Thompson, 2014). Thus, advertising contribute to the advantages of the companies.In a nutshell, advertising brings advantages not only for the economy but also to the companies and the consumers. This is because, advertising can bring maximal profits to the company by generating more customers in buying their products. Besides that, the consumers would also have the power to define which product suits them well through the exposure that they get through advertisements. Next, the countrys economy can also be generate by providing more jobs in the advertisements industries. Therefore, advertisements brings benefits to the worlds economy.1. Siti Shameen, M.K. (2014).Malaysians love clicking on mobile ads. New Straits Times. p 5.2. Feher, M. (2011). Hungary adopts tax on advertising revenue. The Wall Street JournalRetrieved fromhttp//www.wsj.com/articles/hungaryadoptstaxonadvertisingrevenue1402511876

How does Thomas Hardy create and maintain Essay

How does doubting Thomas stouthearted wee-wee and master(prenominal)tain a sense of brain-teaser and crappercerous, un statementlable forces in The withered leg Thomas brassy creates and admits brain-teaser and malignant, at a lower placelying forces by victimisation symbolic descriptions of the setting, the atmosphere and the strange unguessable plot. Thomas dauntless sets the story in the fictional village of Holmstoke. Holm means groundwork and stoke means fire. This gives two impressions, unity of a nice comfortable warm story, exactly it alike gives the impression that fire is similarly attached with bad things like Hell and witch trickery. This makes you start to wonder what the story result be like.Thomas Hardy uses natural settings to contrast with unnatural events or behaviour. The heathland is used a lot because of this. He also uses the heath because it helps create atmosphere and because it is outside he also uses the weather to theorise the charac ters mood. An example of this is when Rhoda and Gertrude cross the heath to see Conjuror Trendle and Rhoda does non call for to and would have done anything to escape this enquiry, the weather and the atmosphere ponder her dread of what will happen. The thick clouds made the atmosphere dark and it was whole early after noon and the wind howled dismally.Hardy also uses the weather to help him describe the changing of time like at the beginning of a paragraph. All the gossip was going on in winter and by the end of the paragraph its in the work I say Hardy also uses the changing of the seasons as a sort of metaphor to symbolize the changing of the characters. An example is when Gertrude changes from a actually beautiful, perfect, kind and caring girl to a scarred irritable superstitious char. Hardy also has such large gap in time so the changes in Gertrude argon more noticeable.Thomas Hardy also uses characters to help him create mystery and underlying forces especially Rhoda Brook. Rhoda is an foreigner and she lives out of the village by herself with her son. Shes a little preternatural because she never mixes with mess. People dont really mix with her because of her quiescency with Lodge and having a baby. People think she is a witch. I think this is because people associate her with Trendle. When Gertrude needed to find Trendle the villagers told her to ask Rhoda and she realized that they horizon a sorceress would know the whereabouts of the exorcist.But the mystery really begins when she has her romance and next day Gertrude shows her the mark from the imaging which is on her arm. The vision is an definitive part of the story as it is the start of everything and caused everything. Rhoda can not control what is occurrent to so it helps maintain the uncontrollable forces which are all by means of this book. Thomas Hardy uses Conjuror Trendle a lot to help create mystery and uncontrollable forces. Just the fact that conjuror Trendle lives on the heath starts to make the reader feel a sense of mystery because the heath represents the weirdness or the story.Trendle also helps create mystery by doing thaumaturgy in secret and not openly He did not aver his remedial practises openly and it also helps that he was in disguise. He was wrapped as a dealer in furze , turf tart sand and other local products. He had to be disguised because people in that time were very superstitious. I think Thomas Hardy uses Gertrude to help create a sense of uncontrollable forces, this is because things are misadventure to her mentally and physically which she has no control over. Also because the things that are happening to her are unexplainable, it helps create and maintain malignant uncontrollable forces.Hardy illustrates this physically when her incredible beauty is which is described as the light under a heap of rose petals becomes ruined and scarred by her withered arm and mentally when she turns from a very nice mortal to an irritab le, superstitious woman Farmer Lodge is not in the story much but none the less is a very important character, because he is the main reason the whole story happens. He is the center of the get it on trilateral of him Rhoda and Gertrude which is why everything happens. As we dont see him much in the story this makes him more important as it helps add to the mystery.Hardy uses imaging to help the reader mentally see whats happening and also to symbolise things. An example of this at the beginning of the booking the lorn milkmaid Hardy paint us the picture of a lot of milkmaids all sit down together gossiping. This gives the impression that the village is quite a sloshed crumple place and that one Rhoda Brooke is all by herself on the side not joining in this gossiping. This gives the impression that she is a sort of outsider which no one wants to be friends with which adds to the mystery. A very important image in the story is the withered arm.It creates mystery because the rea der will wonder how it happened and malignant uncontrollable forces because the reader will wonder if Rhoda really is a witch. The main themes of the story are witch craft and passion. The passion is in the love triangle between Farmer Lodge, Gertrude and Rhoda. The witch craft is in the vision Rhoda sees and the physical and mental change in Gertrude. Passion and witch craft are the uncontrollable forces in the withered arm. I think one of the things Hardy is trying to say in this book is that life cant always be explained.Thomas Hardy uses many dissimilar languages effects. He uses similes and metaphors, to describe Gertrude her face as comely as a live dolls and her face like the light under a heap of rose petals. Hardy also uses extended imagery when he uses the river outside the executioners house to link him to the village, it stood close to the same stream. He also uses personification in describing the river the amniotic fluid of which emitted a steady roar. Thomas Hardy shows us which characters are common and which arent by having the common ones use dialect. The only person not to use dialect is Gertrude.Another important factor in creating and maintaining a sense of mystery and malignant uncontrollable forces was the plot. The vision plan of attack true and Rhoda beginning to doubt herself really draws the reader in to the story. I think it was a very effective ending giving no clear answers like yes, Rhoda was a witch or not or no, it was all a coincidence and leaving it up to the reader. That really helps maintain mystery In conclusion I think that by using the characters, settings and a strange plot, Thomas Hardy successfully creates and maintains mystery and malignant forces in the withered arm.

How to Develop an Organizational Training Plan Essay

creationTo achieve its business objectives, an fundamental law inevitably people with the right skills and familiarity to be in stance at the right time. The raising jut out(a) describes how the transcription is going to achieve this. Creating an Organisational Training Plan Is an opportunity for the prudence team to step back and identify the skills and knowledge gaps in the placement Encourages the exploration of various options for didactics and development before deciding what to do Enables the budget and resources required for training to be political platformned and allocated during the business proviso cycle Captures strategic training requirements in a single roll as a point of reference for every matchless.DefinitionsAn Organisational Training Plan is a document created by the senior team that explains what strategic training the constitution inescapably to do and how it volition do it. It does not address concern training, or personal development, bot h of which potentiometer be picked up at team level or through the appraisal system. Strategic training is whatsoever training and development of people that is required to enable the organisation to achieve its objectives. Maintenance training is the routine training that an organisation carries out to meet its legal requirements and operate smoothly. For example first aid skills or basic IT. Personal development is developing individuals so that they fulfil their longer-term biography potential in the organisation.Key steps in developing an Organisational Training PlanConsider the following questions as you develop your plan 1. attain you developed a vision? 2. What are your organisational objectives? 3. Are the objectives SMART? 4. How do the various groups in the organisation help achieve these? 5. Have you knotty people and representative groups in the development? 6. Does distributively group subscribe the skills and knowledge it needs? 7. What training and development d o you need to do? 8. How will you evaluate its effectiveness? 9. Do you know how the impact will be broadsided?1. Organisational objectivesAn essential starting point is an understanding of the organisational objectives. This can be in the form of a Business Plan, or at its simplest, a set of SMART objectives.2. How do the various groups in the organisation help achieve the organisations objectives? Start by identifying how each of the teams, departments or occupational areas in your organisation contributes to your organisational objectives. CBX is a medium coat software company that develops database focussing systems. It has 51 moduleNext year, CBX is cooking two major business growth initiatives It is proviso to release a late on-line displacement of its flagship intersection Lab Manager. The groceryplace for the existing version of Lab Manager is approaching saturation, and CBX believes that the innovative version will kick start demand again. Development is current ly slow schedule. Product Development will build the on-line version, the Sales and merchandising team are preparing sales and foodstuffing plans that include global product launches. Operations are involved in creating the new packaging, and the Customer run team needs to tool itself up to donjon the new product. It is extending its ambit of sales agents to include the Middle East, Far East and Australia. The Sales and market team are working with the newly appointed agents to create plans and sales literature. The Customer Services team will initially support the new agencies.3. Does each group have the skills and knowledge that it needs? Now, think more or less the skills and knowledge that each group needs. What are their strengths and do they have any development needs? Heres an analysis for some of the teams at CBX Product Development (PD) Strengths in line with achieving the organisations goals grave understanding of the target market and its requirement Experienc e of building homogeneous applications Well established team that works well together. Development needs to achieve the organisations goals More effective project management Advanced development in Internet technologies.Sales and Marketing (SM) Strengths in line with achieving the organisations goals Good understanding of UK/European market and their requirements Relationship building skills Good knowledge of existing products. Development needs to achieve the organisations goals Improved understanding of ethnic salmagundi instruct on new on-line product Project planning skills.Management Team (MT) Strengths in line with achieving the organisations goals working well as a team Good understanding of market and its requirements Global vision. Development needs to achieve the organisations goals Briefing on new on-line product Improved understanding of cultural diversity.Tel 08456 047 047 Web www.traintogain.gov.uk Email traintogainbusinesslinksw.co.uk4. What training and development do you need to do?Now, think roughly how what training activities you will put in place for each of the development areas in the matrix. Here are some options for you to rent Team briefings Team training sessions run by the team leader. reusable for cascading information about new initiatives or for improving work standards in a group. Training sessions with an external training organisation to develop a new skill or knowledge. Can range from a one day workshop to a longer-term programme.11 guidance and support for an individual who is developing a new skill or understand work problems. Individuals work though learning resources (e.g. interactive workbooks or on-line learning sessions) at their own pace. Useful for learning a new skill or gaining new knowledge. Run by people from at heart your organisation. Useful for delivering organisationspecific knowledge. The individual works with a more experienced staff member who shows them how to do the job or a partic ular task.The plan has to be achievable, and so you should allocate budget and resources to it at the planning stage. numerous organisations believe that Investors in People assessors will be impressed with how oft money the organisation spends on training and development. This isnt true. The standard is about effective training and development in line with your organisations goals.5. How will you evaluate its effectiveness?Think about how you will measure the success of the training activities in your plan. Try to develop success criteria that verbalise the outputs or results that you expect in each development area. Your criteria should be measured in terms of money, quality, productivity or time.

Life Without Television

When my familys lone nigh(prenominal) video mark went to the repair shop the other day, my p arnts, my sister, and I position we would have a terrible workweek. How could we draw off through the long evenings is such a legato house? What would it be like without alone the shows to take away us friendship? We soon realized, though, that living without television for a bit was a barb of good fortune, It became easy for apiece of us to winder both(prenominal) activities alone, to pick up some postponed chores, and to spend rewarding clock with distributively other and friends. branchborn of all, with no television to compete for our epoch, we found potbelly of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the sextet months before. We went to the library to get some books. soda pop and mamma picked out ancient Yellow for us while we got Where the Red Fern Grows and Robinson Crusoe. Everyone enjoined them so much that by the e nd of the week almost all of us had read either book twice. We each enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. I went outside to gain on my guide house with public address system. Mom was knitting a jerk off and my sister worked on her scrapbooking.In addition my sister and I some(prenominal) stopped procrastinating with our readiness. For the first time in a long time we both had our homework done and ready to go the next day. Second, we did chores that had been res twine oer our heads for excessively long. There were some jobs approximately the house that had unavoidable attention for some time. My sister had piles of c addresshing all oer the room that she at last took the time to clean up. Mom went and cleaned all the floors around the house Dad and I fixed some doors and my bedroom lock. We also had a pass off to do some long-postponed shop.We went to Wal-Mart and bought schooldays supplies, shavers, shampoo, clothing and many other short items that we needed around the house. After we got home from shopping each of us also caught up with e-mail and did paperwork that was long overdue. Finally, and in all probability most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of just world in the comparable room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. We laughed long and hard as soda pop was telling some of his sweet childhood stories. We also talked a lot virtually school and everyday things.Moreover, for the first time in years, my family contend some games together. For hours on end we contend monopoly until everyone had at least won once. Then dad and I went to play some chess, while mom and my sister played some checkers, and because we didnt have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over on a join of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. Dad started up the puzzle out on pit and range up some lawn chairs, and we all sat around the fire playi ng musical theater instruments, roasting marshmallows, and telling jokes.Everyone seemed to have such a wonderful time on those evenings. Once our television returned, we were not hustling to put it in the attic. But we had a sense of how it muckle take over our lives if we are not careful. We are now more selective. We turn on the set for our favorite shows, certain sports events, and the news, but we dont leave it running game all evening. As a result, we find we can enjoy television and still have time left over for other activities and interest.Life Without TelevisionWhen my familys only television set went to the repair shop the other day, my parents, my sister, and I thought we would have a terrible week. How could we get through the long evenings is such a quiet house? What would it be like without all the shows to keep us company? We soon realized, though, that living without television for a while was a stroke of good fortune, It became easy for each of us to enjoy some a ctivities alone, to complete some postponed chores, and to spend rewarding time with each other and friends.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. We went to the library to get some books. Dad and mom picked out Old Yellow for us while we got Where the Red Fern Grows and Robinson Crusoe. Everyone enjoined them so much that by the end of the week almost all of us had read every book twice. We each enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. I went outside to work on my tree house with dad. Mom was knitting a scarf and my sister worked on her scrapbooking.In addition my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. For the first time in a long time we both had our homework done and ready to go the next day. Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had nee ded attention for some time. My sister had piles of clothing all over the room that she finally took the time to clean up. Mom went and cleaned all the floors around the house Dad and I fixed some doors and my bedroom lock. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping.We went to Wal-Mart and bought school supplies, shavers, shampoo, clothing and many other small items that we needed around the house. After we got home from shopping each of us also caught up with e-mail and did paperwork that was long overdue. Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of just being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. We laughed long and hard as dad was telling some of his sweet childhood stories. We also talked a lot about school and everyday things.Moreover, for the first time in years, my family played some games together. For hours on end we played monopoly until everyone had at least won o nce. Then dad and I went to play some chess, while mom and my sister played some checkers, and because we didnt have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over on a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. Dad started up the fire pit and set up some lawn chairs, and we all sat around the fire playing musical instruments, roasting marshmallows, and telling jokes.Everyone seemed to have such a wonderful time on those evenings. Once our television returned, we were not prepared to put it in the attic. But we had a sense of how it can take over our lives if we are not careful. We are now more selective. We turn on the set for our favorite shows, certain sports events, and the news, but we dont leave it running all evening. As a result, we find we can enjoy television and still have time left over for other activities and interest.

Nordstrom

Nordstroms problems Nordstrom is a pure contingency of how perplex and counterproductive the business becomes if a organization is non properly knowing or implemented. Nordstroms intentions were very goodish when they launched their customized mend rate allowance technique called Sales Per Hour (SPH) for the first duration in the retail industry. Their plan was to motivate all the sale employees to say and act after-school(prenominal) the box and earn tremendous customer mirth thus augmenting the gross gross sales.Their intentions were good besides they havent really judge the problems that they faced collectable to this idea, thus failed to create a musical arrangement which was fool-proof and accolade for the employees. For example, the SPH arranging was plume such that the employee with higher SPH gets compensation more(prenominal) than than the cardinal with slighter SPH. that it doesnt account for the quality of build through with(p) in coiffe to c reate that contingent sale. What if a customer takeed more hours to draw lesser dollar amount to satisfy the customer?Does that sozzled that the sales salesclerk deserves less money than someone who does a less intense work to create more SPH? The fine line among selling period and non-selling time was not properly documented or practiced, which in a way brought the entire form down. Nordstroms wariness always were on a single entwine reading treat of reacting according to that particular situation and foc apply on the motivation looking of the employees to enhance their sales but never concentrated in a doubly loop learning process of how things can be change or what tycoon go wrong with this idea etc.If they had implemented the double loop learning and be more proactive in extrapolating the glitches of the arrangement, they would never have end in a position like the one the nerve mentions about. Nordstrom had used the expectancy theory of motivation for compensa ting their employees. When a sales clerk conjugated Nordstrom, he/she expected that they first will be valued and alike will be compensated for their performance which is right away tied to rewards and reinforcements.This system proved to be fatal for Nordstrom. One more problem with the system failing is the decentralized process created within Nordstrom which never allowed good oversight of the employees and the sales clerks from the managerial side. A decentralized system has advantages of increased creativity, get out communication and more efficient environment but suffers from lack of co-ordination and control between different departments thus creating silos within the work environment.This exactly was the case in Nordstrom where managers never realized the failure of the system and the issues of the sales clerks with the SPH system until it got nasty. Having said that, Nordstroms SPH system succeeded for a considerable time by motivating employees to give their hundre d percent and generate more sales thus creating a name for themselves. Nordstroms close in any case include punishment and reinforcement when the case mentioned that if an employee has lesser SPH, he/she served decreased hours or possibly was terminated.This brings all the employees into a vulnerable secernate where they cannot deliver their best. It also creates an unhealthy competition among the employees and they work against each otherwise rather than working together towards a common goal. All systems, not matter how oversized they are, fall at some point if not properly designed or implemented like a microscopic crack in the wall can dilapidate the entire house. Alas, that was the case for Nordstrom.NordstromNordstroms problems Nordstrom is a classic case of how complicated and counterproductive the business becomes if a system is not properly designed or implemented. Nordstroms intentions were very good when they launched their customized piece rate compensation techni que called Sales Per Hour (SPH) for the first time in the retail industry. Their plan was to motivate all the sale employees to think and act outside the box and earn tremendous customer satisfaction thus augmenting the sales.Their intentions were good but they havent really anticipated the problems that they faced due to this idea, thus failed to create a system which was fool-proof and awarding for the employees. For example, the SPH system was set such that the employee with higher SPH gets compensation more than the one with lesser SPH. But it doesnt account for the quality of work done in order to create that particular sale. What if a customer worked more hours to generate lesser dollar amount to satisfy the customer?Does that mean that the sales clerk deserves less money than someone who does a less intense work to create more SPH? The fine line between selling time and non-selling time was not properly documented or practiced, which in a way brought the entire system down. N ordstroms management always were on a single loop learning process of reacting according to that particular situation and focused on the motivation aspect of the employees to enhance their sales but never concentrated in a double loop learning process of how things can be improved or what might go wrong with this idea etc.If they had implemented the double loop learning and be more proactive in extrapolating the glitches of the system, they would never have ended in a position like the one the case mentions about. Nordstrom had used the expectancy theory of motivation for compensating their employees. When a sales clerk joined Nordstrom, he/she expected that they first will be valued and also will be compensated for their performance which is directly tied to rewards and reinforcements.This system proved to be fatal for Nordstrom. One more problem with the system failing is the decentralized process created within Nordstrom which never allowed good supervision of the employees and t he sales clerks from the managerial side. A decentralized system has advantages of increased creativity, better communication and more efficient environment but suffers from lack of co-ordination and supervision between different departments thus creating silos within the work environment.This exactly was the case in Nordstrom where managers never realized the failure of the system and the issues of the sales clerks with the SPH system until it got nasty. Having said that, Nordstroms SPH system succeeded for a long time by motivating employees to give their hundred percent and generate more sales thus creating a name for themselves. Nordstroms culture also included punishment and reinforcement when the case mentioned that if an employee has lesser SPH, he/she served decreased hours or possibly was terminated.This brings all the employees into a vulnerable state where they cannot deliver their best. It also creates an unhealthy competition among the employees and they work against ea ch other rather than working together towards a common goal. All systems, not matter how big they are, fall at some point if not properly designed or implemented like a small crack in the wall can dilapidate the entire house. Alas, that was the case for Nordstrom.

Hybrid Cultures Essay

The ease of function and almost universal access to the information superhighway facilitates the massive heathen exchange that goes on in the world today. In 2005, Kwai-Cheung Lo had written extensively on the exportation of Hong Kong popular gloss and its strange relationship to mainland China. Hong Kong could be considered one of the best modern examples of a hybrid culture. Settled by the British for 150 years before its transfer back to China in 1997, Hong Kong bears much similarity to the West in terms of economic development and commerce.Its culture, however, is quite different from the mainland and reconciling the two by expanding the comment of what it means to be Chinese is necessary as HK becomes less an indie entity and more of a Chinese protectorate. Today, the vast storehouse of popular culture proves that the sharp lines between different nations be thinning with martial liberal arts films, anime, and panda bears occupy the same space as occidental implement mo vies, McDonalds, and pop music. Massive immigration from third world countries to the West, coupled with Western business people consulting with Asian companies contributes to the growing cultural exchange.The Disney phenomenon is a equitable example of this. Starting as a small theme commonalty in Anaheim, CA, the company had developed parks in Florida, Paris, and Japan. Yet, the Japanese are determined to retain elements of their native culture even as they handle an American business concept. When sociologists compared the American Disneyland with the Japanese version, they found many similarities and differences. For example, jungle Cruise is arguably the most American. It is a traditional Disney ride that has changed undersized over the years.TDL (Tokyo Disneyland) has kept the design and narrative of Jungle Cruise trance modifying its spiel. Cinderellas Castle Mystery Tour in contrast is fantastic to TDL. It is a story of Disney heroes and villains written for and told by the Japanese(p. 32).References Luo, K. C. (2005). Chinese boldness/Off The Transnational Popular Culture of Hong Kong. University of Illinois Press Raz, A. E. (1999). Riding the dark Ship Japan and Tokyo Disneyland. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Asia Center

Mark Sheet: Leading and motivating a team effectively Essay

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSESSMENT AND USE OF MARK SHEET sound judgement essential be conducted with reference to the assessment criteria (AC). In order to pass by the unit, both AC must be met. tax assessors will norm aloney show marks for every AC and then total them into a percentage. However, for greater simplicity, there is the option to non social function marks at all and merely indicate with a summersault or Referral in the boxwood (below right). In order to pass the unit every AC must receive a operate. Where marks are awarded according to the story to which the learners evidence in the submission meets separately AC, every AC must be met, i.e. receive at least half(prenominal) marks (e.g. min 10/20). Any AC awarded less than the stripped-down produces an automatic referral for the submission (regardless of the overall mark achieved). Sufficiency descriptors are provided as guidance. If 20 marks are avail adequate for an AC and the evidence in the submission approximat es to the pass descriptor, that indicates it should attract 10 marks out of 20, if a good pass then ca. 15 out of 20. The descriptors are not comprehensive, and cannot be, as there are many ways in which a submission can exceed or fall short of the requirements.1.Learner named preceding(prenominal) confirms authenticity of submission.2.ILM uses learners submissions on an anonymous basis for assessment standardisation. By submitting, I agree that ILM whitethorn use this script on condition that all information which may identify me is removed.However, if you are unwilling to allow ILM use your script, please refuse by ticking the box development end / Section 1 Know how to communicate the organisations pot and strategy to the group Assessment Criteria (AC)Sufficiency DescriptorsTypical standard that , if replicated across the whole submission, would produce a referral, borderline pass or good pass result Assessor feedback on ACAC 1.1Explain the richness of the team up having a greenness sense of map that supports the overall vision and strategy of the organisationReferral ca. 4/16 start 8/16Good operate ca. 12/16An commentary of the splendor of the team having a common sense of character is not given or, if given, the reinforcement of the overall vision and strategy of the organisation is not included The importance of the team having a common sense of plan that supports the overall vision and strategy of the organisation is merely utter, as impertinent to explained or, if explained, is monstrous, in arrogate or minimal The importance of the team having a common sense of purpose that supports the overall vision and strategy of the organisation is correctly and separately explained although the report may be express and the link to organisational vision may be more implicit than explicit A careful and breaker pointed score is given of the importance of the team having a common sense of purpose and its link to the overall vision and stra tegy of the organisation is made explicitly clear/ 16(min. of 8)Pass or ReferralAC 1.2Explain the routine that conversation plays in establishing a common sense of purposeReferral ca. 4/16Pass 8/16Good Pass ca. 12/16Assessor feedback on ACThe occasion that converse plays in establishing a common sense of purpose is not explained or is merely intimated as opposed to explained The affair that communication plays in establishing a common sense of purpose is explained further the explanation is incorrect or minimal The intention that communication plays in establishing a common sense of purpose is explained although the explanation may be limitedA thorough and detailed explanation is given of the role that communication plays in establishing a common sense of purpose and an outline of how, in contrast, inappropriate communication may damage a common sense of purposeAC 1.3Assess the effectiveness of own communication skills on the basis of the aboveReferral ca. 3/12Pass 6/12Good Pass ca. 9/12Assessor feedback on ACOwn communication skills in establishing a common sense of purpose are not assessed a slangst appropriate criteria or are merely listed or describedOwn communication skills in establishing a common sense of purpose are assessed against appropriate criteria although the criteria may be limited Own communication skills in establishing a common sense of purpose are thoroughly assessed in detail against a range of appropriate criteria and a judgement on ego is made/ 12(min. of 6)Pass or ReferralSection comments (optional)Verification comments (optional)Learning Outcome / Section 2 Know how to actuate and develop the team Assessment Criteria (AC)Sufficiency DescriptorsTypical standard that , if replicated across the whole submission, would produce a referral, borderline pass or good pass result Assessor feedback on ACAC 2.1Describe the main motivational factors in a sound place setting and how these may apply to divers(prenominal) situations, team s and individualistsReferral ca. 4/16Pass 8/16Good Pass ca. 12/16The main motivational factors in a work context are merely stated as opposed to described The main motivational factors in a work context are described but the translation does not apply to different situations and teams and individuals and/or the description is incorrect, inappropriate or minimal The main motivational factors in a work context are described, although the description may be limited, and the description applies to different situations and teams and individuals although the emphasis placed on each of these factors may be imbalanced A thorough and detailed description of a range of the main motivational factors in a work context is given whichclearly applies to different situations and teams and individuals Examples may be provided to parent the description given./ 16(min. of 8)Pass or ReferralAC 2.2Explain the importance of a drawing card being able to motivate teams and individuals and gain their pe rpetration to objectivesReferral ca. 5/20Pass 10/20Good Pass ca. 15/20Assessor feedback on ACThe importance of a attraction being able to motivate teams and individuals is merely stated as opposed to explained An explanation of the importance of a leader being able to motivate teams and individuals is given but does not explain how their commitment to objectives might be gained and/or the explanation is incorrect or minimalThe importance of a leader being able to motivate teams and individuals and gain their commitment to objectives is explained although the explanation may be limited A thorough and detailed explanation of the importance of a leader being able to motivate both teams and individuals, outlining the different approach to teams and individuals, and gain their commitment to objectives is given and an outline of how, in contrast, a leaders disregard of the importance motivation could undermine the gaining of team or individual commitment to objectives/ 20(min. of 10)Pas s or ReferralAC 2.3Explain the role that the leader plays in backing and developing the team and its members and give serviceable examples of when this will be inevitableReferral ca. 5/20Pass 10/20Good Pass ca. 15/20Assessor feedback on ACAn explanation of the role that the leader plays in both supporting and developing the team and its members is merely stated as opposed to explained, or if explained, is incorrect, inappropriate or minimal No more than one applicatory example of when this will be necessary is given A correct and appropriate explanation of the role that the leader plays in both supporting and developing the team and its members is given although the explanation may be limited At least two practical examples of when this will be necessary is are given A thorough and detailed explanation of the role that the leader plays in both supporting and developing both the team and its members is given and is supported by some(prenominal) practical and relevant examples of when this will be necessary/ 20(min. of 10)Pass or ReferralSection comments (optional)Verification comments (optional)/ 100TOTAL MARKSAssessors DecisionQuality Assurance UseOutcome (delete as applicable) continue / REFERRALSignature of AssessorDateOutcome (delete as applicable) PASS / REFERRALSignature of QADate of QA check

Alvin Ailey †Cry Essay

submit TWO stocking movement verbiages. For each set phraseDescribe the chief(prenominal) motive identifiedDiscuss the purpose of the motif deep d possess the scene of the work Describe how the motif is manipulated and varied to attain the phrase with watch to the elements of composition (space, time and kinetics) Analyse how the phrase contributes to the context of the work and wherefore the choreographer selected this phrase to portray the intent of the work.Alvin Aileys re forthwithned choreography, song, has become an salient success as he represents the unexpressedships of b ar women that crap endured years of bondage and hardship. The piece is a solo performance by Judith Jamison, created for all black women everywhere especially our mothers1, and has impacted audiences worldwide as he takes them on a touching journey of desolate misery, violent oppression and joyful joy. Ailey wasting diseases a variety of dance techniques and elements of dance to portray the suffering of thralldom in the Afri quarter society, including core motifs, costume, music, space, time and dynamics. The motifs presented are manipulated with these elements of dance to create phrases and portray the intent of the work, distinguishing the changes in mood and tone throughout the sections. Ailey has employ various manipulations of motif to present his perception of the African American women who have endured years of slavery. Divided into three sections, the piece introduces the dancer in pureness costuming as she holds the main motif of the phrase, the white shawl.The dancer begins holding the shawl to a higher place her head with her girdles outstretched, and brings it forward in front of her in a slow and bear on manner as the music begins to play. Holding it carefully crossways her personify, the shawl can be seen as representative of her animateness and her values, and her use of slow and sustained dynamics symbolises the worth of the masturbate. As she places the white theoretical account carefully downstage centre, she throws both sides of the scarf in opposite guardianships and swipes her pass finish off over the scarf gently on a sagittal shave across her body, repeating the movement on either sides. The swipingmovements across her body are manipulated through the dance are manipulated as the movement is performed immediate and with increased dead body generated movement. The arm movements are also changed in direction as she reaches her arms above her and on a frontal plane. The arm movements in context can be viewed as a pleading for help and send from the suffering of slavery. The motif of the scarf or shawl is conformable as she expresses her exasperation behind the scarf, dancing centre stage and across its length. This suggests she is confined by her own body as she lives a life of slavery because of her ethnic background.The phrase continues as she picks up the scarf off the floor and falls to her knees, using the scarf to wipe the floor in a quick and staccato dynamic. This movement reflects her daily routine of hard work and oppression, and the use of sharp dynamics suggests her exasperation and need to escape from her confinement. The repeat of throwing either side of the scarf in opposite directions is repeated, and now followed by the lifting of the scarf in a quick and erratic manner. The repetition of this movement followed by the reaching suggests a new stage in her life as she proceeds to wrap the scarf around her body, lifting her body and head in the process as she projects to the audience. The projection signifies self-respect within herself and her inheritance, as the scarf is representative of her life and her values. Ailey furthermore underlines the pride of her heritage as she wraps the scarf around her head, as if to wear her dignity and honour. The motif of the scarf throughout this phrase has been manipulated to represent polar things, such as her value of li fe, her struggles with slavery and her pride and honour of her heritage. Ailey uses repetition of movement and abstract to portray her journey, using slow and sustained movements to represent the worth of the scarf as she is careful and wary as she holds in it front of her, and quick, vigorous movements to symbolise the exasperation and struggle of being a slave.The movement theatrical performance of African American womens struggles can be contrasted to the first phrase of Section Three, in which Ailey uses movement to symbolise the ecstatic joy of overcoming oppression. The phrase begins with the dancer in a deep plie with back and head stooping over. From this position, the dancer proceeds to lift herself by performing a full-body tumbler up. Once she is standing tall and projecting to the audience with her head and consistence lifted, the R&B song Right On. Be Free begins to play, right away introducing a champion of immunity and liberty. The dancers dynamics reflect the beat of the music, moving her hips and torso in a fast and jerky manner. This release of cypher symbolises the joy of overcoming the oppression of slavery, and is used throughout the phrase in several(predicate) manipulations. The first manipulation of the strong release of energy in the hips and torso is seen as the dancer throws her arms and legs in the air in different directions. This symbolises the boiling sensation of joy and happiness has overcome the dancer alone and is now moving freely without limitations. The pathways used in this phrase are unsystematic as she moves around the stage randomly and without any sense of order, although her use of levels is mostly high and projected above her as if to approval and cheer in her newfound freedom.The second manipulation of the torso generated movements can be seen in the circular leaps and turns across the stage. This, in conjunction with the persisting torso generated movements reinforces the liberty of movement as she ex citedly turns and pirouettes around the stage. The repetition of the torso generated movements and reaching of the arms above her highlights the will to endure the years of slavery in order to achieve freedom, and the success in that circumstance endeavour. The dancer is once again dancing behind the scarf laid out in front of her, in which before symbolised the confinement of her own body, but with the secernate music and overall tone of this phrase through her use of dynamics, it is now symbolising the acceptance of her turbulent history and the pride she has with overcoming it. This phrase is important as Ailey uses it to communicate the meaning it had within the Afro-American women and how the slavery has impacted them emotionally, using fast, jerky dynamics in contrast with the slow and sustained burden and heaviness of the slavery. In conclusion, Alvin Aileys Cry successfully represents the hardships and struggles of the African-American slaves through his use of dance tec hniques and elements of dance, as he manipulates motif and dynamics to symbolise the journey of slavery and connect emotionally with his audiences.Ailey uses a variety of manipulations including changes in levels, the use of abstraction, the use of costume (the scarf) and dynamics such as a contrast in slow and sustained movement with fast and jerky release of energy. Through comparing and contrasting two different movement phrases, we are able to see the struggles and fights for freedom in the journey of black women who have endured years of slavery andoppression.

Bullying at School Essay

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Design and typesetting by SCRE Information Services.Being bullied is a shake up experience. No-one likes to think that it w feverous happen to them or to mountain they know and tutelage nearly. just now bullying does happen to some children and many more than assure themselves on the fringes of it by being aw ar that it is happening. Everyone can play a part in reducing the damage bullying does. Bullying cannot be stopped by pupils, p arents or teachers acting alone. Schools are finding bare-ass ways of tackling bullying. All of these aim to get people talking about the problem and working together to find solutions. Although this is not undemanding, it is the only utile way to stop bullying.Young people who ar e being bullied musical note powerless to stop it happening. They may be angry, frightened or bewildered. They are unable to concentrate on their lessons. Some pretend to be ill or truant because they are so frightened. A few capture even taken their own lives. They lose confidence in themselves, and this scummy self-esteem may halt life-long consequences. It is important that all children and young people become aware of what bullying is and how their actions affect the lives of others. Encouraging the development of genial and moral awareness is the responsibility of both home and school.The families of people who are being bullied feel angry and frustrated on their behalf. These emotions are natural. You have a right to feel angry if your child is bullied at school. But strong feelings sometimes lead to actions which may make the situation worse rather than better. Of course bullies must expect to be punished, but penalisation alone will not solve the problem. Unless it is backed up by other actions, it may just drive it underground. Parents, families, teachers and pupils must all be prepared to talk and work together so that everybody understands how others feel s 1In this book you will find guidance on what to do if you think someone in your family is being bullied and information on how schools are trying to tackle bullying. If you are worried discuss this with a teacher. What is Bullying and What Can You Do About It? Bullying is not easy to define. Sometimes it involves hitting or kicking. But threats, teasing, and taunting are more common and can be more damaging. The word bullying is apply to describe many different types of behaviour ranging from teasing or by design leaving an individual out of a social gathering or ignoring them, to serious assaults and abuse.

Governments Should Not Negotiate With Terrorists Essay

Would you give a raider $100,000 to vex your stolen cup of tea back? If you were to give a thief $100,000, you would bring forth him think that he coffin nail gather in a profit out of stealing purses. The thief would also use the $100,000 to buy a gun or early(a) weapons or vehicles that would help him steal forthcoming purses. Now think closely the thief as a terrorist and you as a regime. Should brasss negotiate with terrorists? terrorist act activities hold back increased these past few years due to untimely decisions made by governments when dealing with terrorists.M some(prenominal) puddle made the break of compromising with terrorists, which makes them bulge weakened and grade suitable, which only sponsors future terrorist acts. The outcomes of past government agreements with terrorists stand only worsened and perpetuated this situation. The paying of millions of dollars as change to terrorist kidnappers and security/ tamp downrs has also fueled future t errorist oncomings and has only made terrorism profitable, do it more(prenominal) than than attractive to terrorists.Governments legitimize terrorism by compromising because governments should non negotiate with terrorists, rather marginalize and weaken their validations by refusing them any concessions and targeting individuals within their groups. The reasoning behind terrorism is that violence can be used to attract the oversight of governments and the general public, who as a offspring, yield to the terrorists ideas and/or desires. Unfortunately, this terrorist tactic is sometimes effective, like in the 2004 capital of Spain Bombings. On March 11, ETA, a terrorist organization, bombed four commuter trains in Madrid.Their intention was to cause a political change in Spain the elections were that same weekend. in the first place the bombings, the Peoples Party was the voters favorite, still ETAs terrorist attack caused a drastic change in the ballot and the socialist ic Party won. After winning the election, the Socialist Party decided to ingest the Spanish military in Iraq, which is what ETA postulateed. Because of this turn of events, Downing says the terrorists would be able to claim that their bombings had influenced both a European election and the situation in Iraq. (Downing 38-39) Since the people and the government reacted to the attack the way ETA wanted it too, the terrorists could have considered the attack successful, and as a consequence may attack again. The message the government sent ETA is that if they want a change, they should just use violence to mother it. Governments must be careful with terrorists interest and their own interests when qualification controversial decisions, especially those made shortly after terrorist attacks, like the bombings in Madrid. In that case, the decision was whether or not to remove Spanish troops from Iraq.ETA wanted them removed, and the Socialist Party decided to remove them because of t he pressure they were determine under. Removing the troops was a mis counter because it just pleased the terrorists it made the terrorists facial expression they can manipulate the government by pressure induced by brutality. Governments should always include terrorist interests in important decision- do, but not to make the decision in the terrorists favor, rather to make the decision in a way that terrorists are not satisfied by it and cannot take any credit from it.Governments must show that they are strong, and that they are not and will not be influenced by terrorism. (Downing 38-39) Governments make themselves go forth weak by succumbing to pressure, and sometimes the pressure does not even come from the terrorists in the situation, but from other governments, leaders or groups. Even if they might want to interfere for the most pacific reasons, peace negotiations with terrorists do not have the best outcomes. First of all, they are terrorists therefore, their favorite and only way of try outing to deliver the goods their goals is through violence.This means that if they do not receive what they desire through force, they believe they cannot get it through peace either. Secondly, terrorists are unpredictable they cannot be trusted. Thirdly, most terrorists do not back down, especially jihadists, because they are spontaneous to lose their life for what they believe in. Lastly, if a government makes peace with terrorists, and the terrorists do not keep their end of the deal, then the government will appear weak and get the better of, while the terrorist will appear victorious. These are the reasons for which governments should not attempt to make peace with terrorists.They should try to end terrorism instead of making a truce with it. A perfect example of why governments should not seek peace from terrorists is an incident the U. S. government had in Fallujah. U. S. Marines attempted to agree with jihadists in Fallujah after being pressured by Euro pean officials and human rights groups. The U. S. monument of State, Colin Powell, said they wanted peace instead of war in Fallujah, but the jihadists misunderstood and considered the compromise a victory over the Americans. (Rubin 19-20) As a result, the misunderstanding led to 30 car bombings.Not only did the U. S. appear weak because of this failed compromise it also encouraged the jihadists to conduct on with their terrorist acts because the jihadists believed they defeated them, and that they were capable of defeating them again. Truces with terrorists are very tricky and unpredictable, and should always be forefended because an negative outcome can be catastrophic and can lead to more violence. Just as truces with terrorists can be very tricky, negotiating with terrorist kidnappers and hostage-takers can be very tricky as well.Recently terrorists use these tactics to ca-ca an audience full of suspense. These tactics now create more attention than massacres and bombings b ecause people are acquiring more accustomed to them as they happen. (Rubin 22) Kidnappings/hostage takings are becoming more and more popular and sadly, governments have been making it even more popular by making it profitable. They make it profitable by negotiating and paying interchanges to terrorists because negotiating with kidnappers legitimizes their act and as a result further proliferates terrorism.It has spread terrorism because the terrorists have learned that kidnapping/hostage-taking has manufacture very profitable. (Rubin 23) In March 2000, Muammar al-Qadhafi, a Libyan leader, paid Abu Sayyaf, a hostage-taker based in the Philippines, a $25 million ransom for the button of priests, teachers, and children he had kidnaped from a school. (Rubin 23) After receiving the money, Abu Sayyaf expanded his terrorist group from a friction match hundred to more than a thousand members and bought speedboats and weapons, which were used for other kidnappings.By paying the terroris t such a large ransom to keep the captives from getting harmed, Muammar al-Qadhafi funded future kidnappings, putting more people in danger. The paying of the ransom also made kidnapping fecund for Sayyaf, because they technically rewarded him for terrorism, encouraging him to carry out more terrorist acts because he will get money or other concession out of them. The same case occurred in Sahel. The lay in Laden of the Desert, Ammari Saifi, took 32 European vacationers in the Algerian desert, and held them hostage for 177 days. The German government paid a five million euroransom and they were released, but Ammari Saifi used the money to buy weapons and vehicles. (Rubin 24) The German government funded future kidnappings similar to how the Libyan leader did. It is a pattern terrorists kidnap citizens they posit for reward in return for the hostages and then they use the ransom they get paid to repeat this cycle more effectively (with new and more members, weapons and vehicles). Governments should not keep rewarding terrorists with million dollar ransoms because all they have been doing is perpetuating the cycle instead of ending it.Governments should use force to recover captives and avoid rewarding terrorists with ransoms. It is an actual U. S. government policy to deny hostage takers the realise of ransom, prisoner releases, policy changes, or other acts of concession. (Counter-Terrorism History, Strategy and Tactics Web) westerly governments should also respond to kidnapping by thinking about the preventative of the majority of their citizens instead of an individual. Even though it could end in blemish or death of the captive, in the dour term it prevents further kidnappings.(Rubin, 24) So governments should try their best to recover captives, but without the use of ransoms because in the long run, a short tragedy is better than the endangerment a larger quantity of citizens. Governments should not appease with terrorists, they should use intell igence to take them down instead. In a war between networks, the side with superior intelligence wins. (Garreau 60) The more information and technology is obtained, the better the chances of defeating the terrorists are because more effective strategies can be put into action. Governments should use this knowledge to find the leader and how to target them.The leader of the group is key because the disruption or terrorist leaderships weaken terrorist organization and causes them to struggle and expose themselves. (Rubin, 27) This has been happening with Osama bin Laden and his terrorist organization The spillage of bin Laden and these other key operatives puts the network on a path of decline that will be difficult to reverse. (Country Reports on Terrorism 2011 Web) Be careful with this strategy Better the devil you know. want Libyan dictatorMoammar Gaddafi, keep him alive, because you know him. Who knows what sort of clever mastermind might deputize him. (Garreau 60) Past conce ssions to terrorists have proven that government negotiations with them make terrorism productive therefore governments should marginalize, isolate or eliminate the threat. Doing so would make terrorist acts vapid for those who carry them out. In order to avoid the further proliferation of terrorism, governments must take a firm stand against these foes and send a message of zipper tolerance against terrorist acts. ? Works Cited Chapter 1. Strategic Assessment. U. S. Department of State. U. S. Department of State, 31 July 2012. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. . Counter-Terrorism History, Strategy and Tactics. Counter-Terrorism History, Strategy and Tactics. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. . Downing, David. Madrid Bombings. The War on Terror. Mankato Arcturus Publishing, 2008. 38-39. Print. Garreau, Joel. intelligence activity Gathering Is the Best Way to void Terrorism. At Issue. Are Efforts to Reduce Terrorism Succesful? Ed. Lauri S. Friedman. Farmington Hills Greenhaven Press, 2005. 57-63. Rubin, Mi chael and Suzanne Gershowitz. Governments Should Never Negotiate with Terrorists. At Issue. Should Governments Negotiate with Terrorists? Ed. Amanda Hiber. Farmington Hills Greenhaven Press, 2008. 15-29.